Currently Empty: $0.00
================================================================
IELTS WRITING TASK 2 – 20 BAND 9 MODEL ESSAYS
ALL QUESTION TYPES | KEY TOPICS | EXAM FORMAT
================================================================
Each sample includes the exact exam-style question followed by
a Band 9 model essay (270–290 words) with a clear position,
logical structure, sophisticated vocabulary, and strong
cohesion — the qualities examiners look for at the highest
band.
Essay types covered:
– Opinion (Agree / Disagree)
– Discussion (Discuss Both Views)
– Advantages / Disadvantages
– Problem / Solution
– Two-Part Question (Causes & Solutions / Discuss & Give Opinion)
================================================================
—————————————————————
ESSAY 1 — Opinion (Agree/Disagree) | Technology & Social Skills
—————————————————————
QUESTION:
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Some people believe that modern technology, such as smartphones
and social media, has made people less social and more isolated.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples
from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
MODEL ANSWER:
It is frequently argued that modern technology has eroded
genuine human connection, leaving individuals increasingly
isolated despite being constantly “connected.” I largely agree
with this view, although I believe technology’s impact depends
heavily on how it is used.
On one hand, there is compelling evidence that excessive
reliance on digital communication has diminished face-to-face
interaction. Many people now spend hours scrolling through
social media feeds rather than engaging in meaningful
conversation with those around them, even in social settings
such as restaurants or family gatherings. This phenomenon,
sometimes referred to as “phubbing,” has arguably weakened the
depth of interpersonal relationships, as digital exchanges tend
to lack the emotional nuance of in-person communication. A
study conducted at a British university found that adolescents
who spent more than four hours daily on social media reported
significantly higher levels of loneliness than their less
frequent counterparts.
On the other hand, technology has also created unprecedented
opportunities for connection, particularly for those separated
by geography. Video calls allow families living abroad to
maintain close bonds, while online communities enable
individuals with niche interests or health conditions to find
support networks that would have been inaccessible a generation
ago.
In conclusion, while I acknowledge technology’s capacity to
foster connection, I believe its overall effect on society has
leaned toward isolation, primarily because it often substitutes
rather than supplements genuine human interaction. The solution,
therefore, lies not in rejecting technology but in using it
more mindfully, ensuring it complements rather than replaces
real-world relationships.
(281 words)
—————————————————————
ESSAY 2 — Discussion (Both Views) | Online vs Traditional Education
—————————————————————
QUESTION:
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Some people think that online education will eventually replace
traditional classroom learning, while others believe that
classroom learning will always be necessary. Discuss both views
and give your own opinion.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples
from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
MODEL ANSWER:
The rapid expansion of online learning platforms has sparked
debate over whether digital education will eventually supplant
traditional classrooms. While there are compelling arguments on
both sides, I believe the two approaches are more likely to
coexist than one replacing the other entirely.
Proponents of online education highlight its flexibility and
accessibility. Students can learn at their own pace, revisit
recorded lectures, and access courses from prestigious
institutions regardless of their geographical location. This
democratisation of education has proven particularly valuable
for working adults and those in remote areas who would
otherwise have limited access to quality instruction.
Furthermore, online platforms often incorporate interactive
tools, such as instant quizzes and discussion forums, that can
enhance engagement in ways traditional lectures sometimes fail
to achieve.
Conversely, advocates for classroom learning argue that
face-to-face interaction remains irreplaceable, particularly for
younger learners who benefit from structured routines and
direct guidance. Physical classrooms also facilitate
spontaneous collaboration, immediate feedback, and the
development of essential social skills through peer interaction,
elements that are considerably harder to replicate in a virtual
environment. Additionally, subjects requiring hands-on practice,
such as laboratory sciences or vocational training, arguably
demand physical presence.
In my view, rather than one model eclipsing the other, a hybrid
approach combining the flexibility of online resources with the
irreplaceable benefits of in-person instruction represents the
most effective way forward. Educational institutions that
successfully integrate both methods are likely to produce the
most well-rounded outcomes for students of all ages and
circumstances.
(276 words)
—————————————————————
ESSAY 3 — Advantages/Disadvantages | Globalization
—————————————————————
QUESTION:
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Globalization has led to increased trade and cultural exchange
between countries. What are the advantages and disadvantages of
this trend?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples
from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
MODEL ANSWER:
Globalization has fundamentally transformed the way nations
interact, fostering unprecedented levels of trade and cultural
exchange. While this phenomenon has brought considerable
benefits, it has also introduced significant challenges that
merit careful consideration.
Among the most notable advantages is economic growth. Countries
engaged in international trade gain access to larger markets,
allowing businesses to expand and consumers to benefit from a
wider variety of goods at more competitive prices. Developing
nations, in particular, have experienced substantial economic
upliftment through foreign investment and the establishment of
manufacturing industries, lifting millions out of poverty in
regions such as Southeast Asia. Cultural exchange has also
enriched societies, exposing individuals to diverse cuisines,
art forms, and perspectives that broaden mutual understanding
and tolerance between nations.
However, globalization has not been without drawbacks. One
pressing concern is the erosion of local cultures and
traditions, as dominant global brands and Western media
increasingly overshadow indigenous practices, leading to a
homogenisation of culture that many consider regrettable. From
an economic perspective, globalization has also widened income
inequality within countries, as multinational corporations often
benefit disproportionately compared to local businesses, while
low-skilled workers in developed nations face job losses due to
outsourcing.
In conclusion, although globalization has generated substantial
economic and cultural benefits, its disadvantages, particularly
regarding cultural erosion and inequality, cannot be overlooked.
Governments must therefore implement thoughtful policies that
maximise the benefits of global integration while safeguarding
local industries and cultural heritage from being entirely
subsumed by global forces.
(275 words)
—————————————————————
ESSAY 4 — Problem/Solution | Traffic Congestion
—————————————————————
QUESTION:
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Traffic congestion has become a serious problem in many major
cities around the world. What problems does this cause, and
what solutions can be suggested?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples
from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
MODEL ANSWER:
Traffic congestion has become an increasingly pervasive issue in
urban centres worldwide, generating a range of serious problems
that demand urgent attention alongside practical, sustainable
solutions.
The consequences of severe congestion are far-reaching. Most
immediately, prolonged commuting times reduce productivity and
diminish quality of life, as workers arrive at their jobs
fatigued and stressed after sitting in gridlocked traffic for
hours. Beyond the personal toll, congestion contributes
significantly to air pollution, as idling vehicles emit
substantial quantities of carbon dioxide and other harmful
pollutants, exacerbating respiratory illnesses and accelerating
climate change. Economically, businesses also suffer, since
delayed deliveries and inefficient logistics networks inflate
operational costs, which are frequently passed on to consumers.
Fortunately, several viable solutions exist. Firstly,
governments should prioritise investment in efficient, reliable
public transportation systems, such as extensive metro networks
and dedicated bus lanes, thereby offering commuters an
attractive alternative to private vehicle use. Singapore’s
integrated transport system, for instance, has successfully
reduced private car dependency through high-quality public
transit combined with congestion pricing. Secondly, urban
planners could promote mixed-use development, situating
residential areas closer to workplaces and amenities to reduce
the necessity for lengthy commutes altogether. Finally,
encouraging remote working arrangements, where feasible, could
substantially decrease the volume of daily commuters.
In conclusion, while traffic congestion poses considerable
economic, environmental, and social challenges, a combination of
improved public transportation, thoughtful urban planning, and
flexible working practices offers a realistic path toward more
manageable, sustainable cities.
(279 words)
—————————————————————
ESSAY 5 — Opinion (Agree/Disagree) | Government Funding: Arts vs Public Services
—————————————————————
QUESTION:
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Some people believe governments should spend more money on
public services such as healthcare and education rather than on
the arts. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples
from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
MODEL ANSWER:
Given the finite nature of public budgets, debate often arises
over whether governments should prioritise essential services
like healthcare and education over funding for the arts. While
I understand the reasoning behind this view, I believe it
presents a somewhat false dichotomy, as both serve vital, if
different, societal functions.
Undoubtedly, healthcare and education represent fundamental
pillars of a functioning society. Without adequate investment in
these sectors, citizens face compromised wellbeing and reduced
opportunities for social mobility, outcomes with far-reaching
consequences for national productivity and equality.
Consequently, it is entirely reasonable that these services
should receive substantial, prioritised funding, particularly in
nations where healthcare systems remain under-resourced or
educational outcomes lag behind international standards.
Nevertheless, dismissing arts funding as expendable overlooks
its considerable societal value. Cultural institutions,
including museums, theatres, and public art programmes,
contribute significantly to community identity, mental
wellbeing, and even tourism-driven economic growth. Countries
such as France have demonstrated how robust cultural investment
can generate substantial revenue while simultaneously enriching
national heritage. Moreover, arts education has been shown to
enhance creativity and critical thinking skills among students,
qualities increasingly valued in modern, innovation-driven
economies.
In conclusion, rather than viewing arts and public services as
competing priorities, I believe governments should adopt a
balanced approach, ensuring that essential services receive the
majority of funding while maintaining reasonable investment in
cultural institutions. A society flourishes not merely through
physical health and academic achievement, but through cultural
enrichment as well.
(273 words)
—————————————————————
ESSAY 6 — Two-Part Question | Youth Crime: Causes & Solutions
—————————————————————
QUESTION:
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
In many countries, crime rates among young people are rising.
What are the main causes of this problem, and what measures
could be taken to address it?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples
from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
MODEL ANSWER:
The steady rise in youth crime observed across numerous
countries represents a troubling social trend, rooted in a
complex interplay of economic, familial, and societal factors.
Addressing this issue effectively requires a thorough
understanding of its causes alongside targeted, multi-pronged
interventions.
Several factors contribute to this phenomenon. Foremost among
them is economic disadvantage, as young people growing up in
poverty often face limited legitimate opportunities, making
criminal activity appear a viable, if misguided, means of
financial gain. Family instability also plays a significant
role; adolescents from broken or neglectful households
frequently lack the guidance and emotional support necessary to
develop a strong moral compass. Additionally, the pervasive
influence of social media, which often glamorises gang culture
and violence, has arguably normalised criminal behaviour among
impressionable youths, particularly when combined with peer
pressure within disadvantaged communities.
To address this multifaceted problem, several measures could
prove effective. Firstly, governments should invest in community
programmes that provide young people with constructive outlets,
such as sports facilities, vocational training, and mentorship
schemes, thereby reducing idle time and fostering a sense of
purpose. Secondly, improving access to quality education in
underprivileged areas could equip young people with the skills
and aspirations needed to pursue legitimate career paths.
Finally, closer collaboration between schools, families, and law
enforcement could help identify at-risk youths earlier,
enabling timely intervention before criminal behaviour becomes
entrenched.
In conclusion, while the causes of rising youth crime are deeply
interconnected, a coordinated approach combining economic
opportunity, family support, and community engagement offers the
most promising path toward reversing this troubling trend.
(283 words)
—————————————————————
ESSAY 7 — Discussion (Both Views) | Working From Home
—————————————————————
QUESTION:
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Some people believe that employees should be allowed to work
from home permanently, while others think everyone should
return to the office. Discuss both views and give your own
opinion.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples
from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
MODEL ANSWER:
The dramatic rise of remote working arrangements has sparked
ongoing debate regarding whether employees should be permitted
to work from home indefinitely or whether a full return to
office-based work is preferable. Both perspectives carry
considerable merit.
Advocates of permanent remote working emphasise the substantial
benefits it offers employees, including eliminated commuting
time, greater flexibility in managing personal responsibilities,
and, for many, improved productivity in a quieter, more
controlled environment. Businesses, too, can benefit financially
through reduced overhead costs associated with maintaining large
office spaces. Furthermore, remote work broadens the talent pool
available to employers, as geographical constraints become
largely irrelevant.
Conversely, those favouring a return to the office argue that
physical presence fosters stronger team cohesion, spontaneous
collaboration, and mentorship opportunities that are difficult
to replicate virtually. Younger employees, in particular, may
struggle to develop professionally without direct observation of
experienced colleagues. Additionally, some studies suggest that
prolonged isolation from colleagues can negatively affect mental
wellbeing and diminish a sense of organisational belonging,
potentially reducing long-term employee engagement and loyalty.
In my opinion, neither extreme represents the optimal solution.
A hybrid model, combining remote flexibility with regular
in-person collaboration, appears best positioned to capture the
benefits of both approaches while mitigating their respective
drawbacks. Companies that have successfully adopted such hybrid
arrangements often report high levels of employee satisfaction
without sacrificing the collaborative advantages of traditional
office environments.
(268 words)
—————————————————————
ESSAY 8 — Opinion (Agree/Disagree) | Zoos
—————————————————————
QUESTION:
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Some people believe that keeping animals in zoos is cruel and
should be banned, while others argue that zoos play an important
role in conservation. To what extent do you agree or disagree
that zoos should be banned?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples
from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
MODEL ANSWER:
The ethics of keeping wild animals in captivity for public
viewing has long been a contentious issue. While I acknowledge
legitimate concerns regarding animal welfare, I disagree that
zoos should be banned entirely, given the substantial
conservation and educational benefits they provide.
Critics of zoos rightly point out that confining animals to
artificial enclosures, often far smaller than their natural
habitats, can result in psychological distress and diminished
quality of life. Historical examples of poorly managed
facilities, where animals exhibited repetitive, stress-induced
behaviours, have understandably fuelled public opposition. These
concerns are valid and warrant continued scrutiny of animal
welfare standards within the industry.
Nevertheless, modern zoos have evolved considerably, playing an
increasingly vital role in conservation efforts. Many
accredited institutions participate in carefully managed
breeding programmes that have successfully prevented the
extinction of endangered species, such as the golden lion
tamarin, subsequently reintroducing populations into protected
wild habitats. Zoos also serve an important educational
function, allowing millions of visitors, particularly children,
to develop a genuine appreciation for wildlife and environmental
conservation, an experience that often translates into stronger
public support for broader ecological initiatives.
In conclusion, rather than banning zoos outright, I believe the
more constructive approach involves enforcing stricter welfare
regulations and prioritising accredited institutions committed
to genuine conservation work. Well-managed zoos, when properly
regulated, can coexist responsibly with animal welfare
considerations while providing invaluable educational and
conservation benefits that would otherwise be lost.
(273 words)
—————————————————————
ESSAY 9 — Advantages/Disadvantages | Social Media
—————————————————————
QUESTION:
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Social media platforms have become an integral part of daily
life for millions of people. What are the advantages and
disadvantages of this development?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples
from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
MODEL ANSWER:
The pervasive presence of social media in contemporary life has
fundamentally altered how people communicate, access information,
and form relationships, bringing with it a mixture of notable
benefits and significant drawbacks.
Among the primary advantages is the unprecedented ability to
maintain connections across vast distances. Platforms such as
Instagram and WhatsApp allow families and friends separated by
geography to remain closely connected through instant messaging
and shared updates. Social media has also become a powerful tool
for grassroots activism and information dissemination, enabling
important social movements to gain global traction rapidly, as
seen during various environmental and human rights campaigns.
Additionally, businesses have benefited enormously from social
media marketing, which offers cost-effective access to vast,
targeted audiences.
However, these benefits come with considerable disadvantages.
Perhaps most concerning is the well-documented impact on mental
health, particularly among younger users, who frequently
experience anxiety and diminished self-esteem stemming from
constant social comparison. The proliferation of misinformation
represents another serious concern, as false or misleading
content can spread rapidly, sometimes with damaging real-world
consequences. Furthermore, excessive social media use has been
linked to reduced attention spans and diminished face-to-face
social skills, particularly among adolescents whose formative
years increasingly revolve around digital interaction.
In conclusion, while social media offers valuable opportunities
for connection, activism, and commerce, its potential harms,
particularly regarding mental health and misinformation, cannot
be overlooked. Achieving a healthy balance through mindful,
regulated usage remains essential for maximising its benefits
while minimising its risks.
(275 words)
—————————————————————
ESSAY 10 — Problem/Solution | Environmental Pollution
—————————————————————
QUESTION:
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems
facing the world today. What are the main causes of this
problem, and what solutions can governments and individuals
implement?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples
from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
MODEL ANSWER:
Environmental pollution stands as one of the defining challenges
of the modern era, threatening ecosystems, public health, and
long-term global stability. Understanding its root causes is
essential to formulating effective solutions at both governmental
and individual levels.
The primary drivers of pollution are largely industrial and
consumer-driven. Rapid industrialisation, particularly in
rapidly developing economies, has led to the unchecked release
of harmful emissions into the atmosphere and waterways, often
prioritising economic growth over environmental protection.
Simultaneously, the widespread reliance on fossil fuels for
transportation and energy production continues to release
substantial quantities of greenhouse gases, exacerbating both
air pollution and climate change. On an individual level,
excessive consumerism and inadequate waste management practices
have resulted in mounting plastic pollution, much of which
ultimately contaminates oceans and harms marine life.
Addressing this crisis requires coordinated action. Governments
must implement stricter environmental regulations, imposing
meaningful penalties on industries that fail to meet emission
standards, while simultaneously incentivising investment in
renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power. Countries
like Denmark have demonstrated that ambitious renewable energy
policies can substantially reduce national carbon footprints
within relatively short timeframes. On an individual level,
citizens can contribute meaningfully by reducing single-use
plastic consumption, adopting more sustainable transportation
options such as cycling or public transit, and supporting
environmentally responsible businesses.
In conclusion, tackling environmental pollution demands a
concerted, multi-level effort. While governmental policy plays
an indispensable role in driving systemic change, individual
behavioural shifts remain equally crucial in achieving a
genuinely sustainable future.
(280 words)
—————————————————————
ESSAY 11 — Opinion (Agree/Disagree) | Free University Education
—————————————————————
QUESTION:
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Some people believe that university education should be free for
all students, while others think students should pay for their
own education. To what extent do you agree or disagree that
university education should be free?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples
from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
MODEL ANSWER:
The question of whether university education should be provided
free of charge remains a subject of considerable debate. While I
recognise the financial burden placed upon students under current
systems, I only partially agree that education should be
entirely free, believing instead that a more nuanced approach
would better serve society.
There are compelling arguments in favour of free university
education. Removing tuition fees would undoubtedly widen access
to higher education for economically disadvantaged students,
who might otherwise be deterred by the prospect of accumulating
substantial debt. Countries such as Germany and Norway have
successfully implemented tuition-free systems, demonstrating
that such models can coexist with high educational standards
while producing a more equitable, meritocratic society where
opportunity is determined by ability rather than financial
means.
However, entirely free education is not without complications.
Universities require substantial funding to maintain research
quality, faculty expertise, and modern facilities, funding that
would otherwise need to come from significantly higher taxation.
This raises questions of fairness, as it would require all
taxpayers, including those who never attend university, to
subsidise the education of others. Moreover, free education
without any financial commitment from students may inadvertently
reduce motivation and increase dropout rates, as students have
less personal investment at stake.
In conclusion, rather than pursuing entirely free education, I
believe a more balanced approach, such as significantly
subsidised tuition combined with income-based repayment schemes,
would better reconcile the goals of accessibility, quality, and
fiscal sustainability within higher education systems.
(276 words)
—————————————————————
ESSAY 12 — Discussion (Both Views) | Nuclear vs Extended Family
—————————————————————
QUESTION:
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
In many societies, the traditional extended family is being
replaced by smaller nuclear family units. Some people see this
as a positive development, while others consider it a negative
one. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples
from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
MODEL ANSWER:
The gradual shift from extended, multigenerational households
toward smaller nuclear family units represents one of the most
significant social transformations of recent decades, a trend
that different observers interpret quite differently.
Those who view this development favourably argue that nuclear
families offer greater independence and flexibility. Without the
constraints of extended family obligations, couples can more
freely pursue career opportunities, relocate for work, and make
autonomous parenting decisions without external interference.
This structure also often reduces intergenerational conflict, as
differing values and lifestyle preferences between generations
need not be constantly negotiated within a single household.
Conversely, critics highlight the considerable social costs of
this shift. Extended families traditionally provided a robust
support network, offering practical assistance with childcare
and eldercare, as well as emotional support during difficult
periods. The decline of such networks has left many nuclear
families, particularly those with young children or elderly
dependents, increasingly reliant on paid external services,
placing considerable financial and emotional strain on
individual households. Additionally, elderly relatives often
experience greater isolation and diminished quality of life when
disconnected from close family involvement.
In my opinion, while nuclear families undeniably offer greater
independence, something valuable has been lost in the process,
particularly regarding intergenerational support and shared
responsibility. Societies would therefore benefit from finding
modern ways to preserve the practical and emotional advantages
of extended family networks, perhaps through stronger community
support systems, without necessarily reverting to traditional
household structures entirely.
(275 words)
—————————————————————
ESSAY 13 — Two-Part Question | Youth Unemployment: Causes & Solutions
—————————————————————
QUESTION:
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
In many countries, unemployment among young people remains high.
What are the main causes of this problem, and what solutions
would you suggest?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples
from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
MODEL ANSWER:
Persistently high unemployment rates among young people continue
to pose a significant challenge in many countries, stemming from
a combination of structural economic issues and mismatches
between education and labour market demands.
One major cause is the widening gap between the skills taught in
educational institutions and those actually required by
employers. Many university graduates emerge with strong
theoretical knowledge but limited practical experience, leaving
them ill-equipped to meet the specific demands of increasingly
competitive job markets. Additionally, automation and
technological advancement have eliminated numerous entry-level
positions traditionally occupied by young workers, further
intensifying competition for the remaining opportunities.
Economic downturns also disproportionately affect younger
employees, who are often the first to be made redundant due to
their comparatively limited experience and seniority.
Several measures could help address this pressing issue.
Firstly, educational institutions should strengthen partnerships
with industries, incorporating practical internships and
vocational training directly into academic curricula, thereby
better preparing graduates for real-world employment. Countries
like Germany have demonstrated considerable success with such
dual-education models, which combine classroom learning with
substantial on-the-job training. Secondly, governments could
introduce incentive schemes, such as tax breaks for businesses
that actively hire and train young employees, thereby
encouraging companies to invest in the next generation of
workers rather than favouring more experienced candidates.
In conclusion, addressing youth unemployment requires a
coordinated effort between educational reform and targeted
government policy, ensuring that young people are equipped with
relevant skills while employers are incentivised to provide them
with genuine opportunities to gain experience.
(280 words)
—————————————————————
ESSAY 14 — Opinion (Agree/Disagree) | Death Penalty
—————————————————————
QUESTION:
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Some people believe that the death penalty should be abolished
in all countries, as it does not effectively deter crime. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples
from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
MODEL ANSWER:
The death penalty remains one of the most contentious issues in
modern criminal justice systems. I largely agree that it should
be abolished, primarily because substantial evidence suggests it
fails to serve as an effective deterrent, while simultaneously
carrying significant ethical and practical risks.
Proponents of capital punishment often argue that the threat of
execution discourages potential offenders from committing severe
crimes. However, extensive research comparing crime rates
between jurisdictions with and without the death penalty has
largely failed to establish a clear deterrent effect. Several
American states without capital punishment, for instance, report
homicide rates comparable to, or even lower than, neighbouring
states that retain it, suggesting that other factors, such as
socioeconomic conditions and law enforcement effectiveness, play
a far more significant role in preventing crime.
Beyond questions of deterrence, the irreversible nature of
capital punishment presents a profound ethical concern. Judicial
systems, however rigorous, remain fallible, and numerous cases
worldwide have revealed wrongful convictions only after execution
had already taken place, an outcome with no possibility of
remedy. Additionally, the substantial financial and procedural
costs associated with capital trials, which often involve
lengthy appeals processes, arguably outweigh any perceived
societal benefit, particularly when life imprisonment achieves
comparable public safety outcomes at a fraction of the cost and
risk.
In conclusion, given the lack of convincing evidence supporting
its deterrent value, combined with the irreversible consequences
of judicial error, I firmly believe the death penalty should be
abolished in favour of alternative, more humane forms of
punishment.
(279 words)
—————————————————————
ESSAY 15 — Advantages/Disadvantages | Tourism
—————————————————————
QUESTION:
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Tourism has grown rapidly in many countries in recent decades.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of this growth for
local communities?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples
from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
MODEL ANSWER:
The remarkable growth of the global tourism industry over recent
decades has brought substantial economic opportunities to local
communities, though not without accompanying social and
environmental challenges.
Among the most significant advantages is economic development.
Tourism generates considerable employment opportunities, ranging
from hospitality and transportation to local artisan
craftsmanship, often providing crucial income in regions with
otherwise limited industry. Countries such as Thailand and
Portugal have transformed relatively modest economies into
thriving hubs through sustained tourism revenue, with local
businesses benefiting substantially from increased visitor
spending. Additionally, tourism frequently encourages the
preservation of cultural heritage and historical sites, as
governments and communities recognise the economic value of
maintaining these attractions for future visitors.
Nevertheless, rapid tourism growth carries notable drawbacks.
Environmentally, popular destinations often suffer from
overcrowding, pollution, and ecological degradation, as
fragile ecosystems struggle to accommodate overwhelming visitor
numbers. Venice, for example, has faced considerable criticism
regarding the environmental strain caused by mass tourism on its
historic canals and infrastructure. Socially, excessive tourism
can also drive up local living costs, particularly housing
prices, as properties are increasingly converted into short-term
rentals, pricing out long-term residents. Furthermore, the
commercialisation of local culture for tourist consumption can
sometimes dilute authentic traditions, reducing rich cultural
practices to superficial performances.
In conclusion, while tourism undeniably offers substantial
economic benefits to local communities, careful, sustainable
management is essential to mitigate its environmental and social
costs, ensuring that growth benefits residents without
compromising the very attractions that draw visitors in the
first place.
(279 words)
—————————————————————
ESSAY 16 — Problem/Solution | Obesity
—————————————————————
QUESTION:
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Obesity rates have risen significantly in many countries in
recent years. What are the main causes of this problem, and what
measures could be taken to address it?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples
from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
MODEL ANSWER:
Rising obesity rates have become an increasingly urgent public
health concern across numerous countries, driven primarily by
significant shifts in dietary habits and lifestyle patterns over
recent decades.
A principal cause of this trend is the widespread availability
and affordability of processed, calorie-dense foods. Fast food
outlets and convenience stores have proliferated dramatically,
often making unhealthy options considerably cheaper and more
accessible than nutritious alternatives, particularly in
lower-income neighbourhoods. Simultaneously, modern lifestyles
have become progressively more sedentary, as increased reliance
on cars, desk-based employment, and screen-based entertainment
has substantially reduced daily physical activity levels
compared to previous generations. Aggressive marketing of
sugary, high-fat products, particularly targeting children,
further exacerbates unhealthy eating habits from an early age.
Addressing this multifaceted problem requires coordinated
intervention. Governments should consider implementing taxes on
sugary beverages and heavily processed foods, a strategy that
has proven effective in reducing consumption in countries such
as Mexico, while simultaneously subsidising healthier
alternatives to make nutritious food more financially accessible.
Educational initiatives within schools should also prioritise
nutrition education and ensure adequate physical education
programmes, instilling healthy habits from childhood. Finally,
urban planning could play a supportive role by incorporating more
pedestrian-friendly infrastructure, such as cycling paths and
public parks, encouraging communities toward more active
lifestyles.
In conclusion, tackling rising obesity rates demands a
comprehensive approach combining fiscal policy, education, and
urban design, ensuring that healthier choices become both
accessible and appealing across all segments of society.
(276 words)
—————————————————————
ESSAY 17 — Discussion (Both Views) | Space Exploration Funding
—————————————————————
QUESTION:
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Some people believe that governments should invest heavily in
space exploration, while others think this money would be better
spent addressing problems on Earth. Discuss both views and give
your own opinion.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples
from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
MODEL ANSWER:
The considerable financial resources dedicated to space
exploration by governments and private companies alike have
prompted ongoing debate regarding whether such investment is
justified given the pressing challenges still facing humanity on
Earth.
Supporters of substantial space investment argue that such
programmes yield significant scientific and technological
benefits extending far beyond space itself. Numerous everyday
technologies, including satellite communication, GPS navigation,
and even certain medical imaging techniques, originated from
space research initiatives. Furthermore, proponents contend that
space exploration represents a crucial long-term investment,
offering potential solutions to future challenges such as
resource scarcity and even the eventual survival of humanity
should Earth become uninhabitable.
Conversely, critics argue that with pressing issues such as
poverty, disease, and climate change still unresolved, allocating
billions of dollars toward space missions represents a misplaced
set of priorities. They contend that this funding could achieve
far more immediate, tangible benefits if redirected toward
healthcare systems, renewable energy infrastructure, or poverty
alleviation programmes, particularly in developing nations where
basic needs remain unmet for millions of people.
In my opinion, while addressing terrestrial problems must remain
a priority, entirely abandoning space exploration would be
short-sighted, given its substantial scientific spillover
benefits. I believe a balanced approach, involving modest but
sustained investment in space research alongside robust funding
for pressing earthly concerns, would allow society to pursue
long-term scientific progress without neglecting immediate human
welfare.
(266 words)
—————————————————————
ESSAY 18 — Opinion (Agree/Disagree) | Advertising
—————————————————————
QUESTION:
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Some people believe that advertising manipulates people into
buying things they do not really need. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples
from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
MODEL ANSWER:
Advertising has become an omnipresent feature of modern
consumer society, and the claim that it manipulates individuals
into purchasing unnecessary goods holds considerable merit, a
view with which I largely agree.
Modern advertising employs increasingly sophisticated
psychological techniques designed to influence consumer
behaviour beyond rational decision-making. Companies routinely
exploit emotional triggers, associating their products with
concepts such as happiness, social status, or belonging, thereby
encouraging consumers to make purchases based on aspirational
desires rather than genuine necessity. Furthermore, the rise of
targeted digital advertising, which utilises personal data to
deliver highly tailored advertisements, has intensified this
manipulation considerably, as algorithms identify and exploit
individual vulnerabilities with remarkable precision. The
prevalence of “fear of missing out” marketing tactics,
particularly prominent on social media platforms, similarly
pressures consumers into impulsive purchasing decisions they
might otherwise avoid.
However, it would be an oversimplification to suggest that
advertising alone bears sole responsibility for unnecessary
consumption. Ultimately, individuals retain agency over their
purchasing decisions, and financially literate consumers are
generally better equipped to resist manipulative marketing
tactics. Additionally, advertising does serve legitimate
informational purposes, helping consumers become aware of
genuinely useful products and services that might otherwise
remain unknown to them.
In conclusion, while personal responsibility plays a role in
consumer behaviour, the sophisticated psychological strategies
employed by modern advertising undeniably exert considerable
manipulative influence. Greater regulation of exploitative
marketing practices, combined with improved consumer education,
would help protect individuals from being unduly influenced into
unnecessary spending.
(272 words)
—————————————————————
ESSAY 19 — Two-Part Question | Plastic Waste: Problems & Solutions
—————————————————————
QUESTION:
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Plastic waste has become a major environmental problem in many
parts of the world. What problems does this cause, and what
solutions could be implemented to reduce it?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples
from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
MODEL ANSWER:
The escalating volume of plastic waste generated globally has
emerged as one of the most pressing environmental challenges of
our time, causing severe ecological damage while demanding
urgent, coordinated solutions.
The consequences of plastic pollution are extensive and
deeply troubling. Marine ecosystems bear a disproportionate
burden, as millions of tonnes of plastic waste enter oceans
annually, resulting in the deaths of countless marine animals
that mistake plastic debris for food or become entangled in
discarded fishing nets. Beyond direct wildlife harm, plastic
gradually breaks down into microplastics, which have now been
detected in drinking water, soil, and even human bloodstreams,
raising serious concerns regarding long-term health
implications that remain only partially understood. Landfills,
too, are increasingly overwhelmed, as most conventional plastics
require hundreds of years to decompose fully.
Addressing this crisis requires action on multiple fronts.
Governments should implement stricter regulations restricting
single-use plastics, following the example of countries like
Rwanda, which has successfully banned plastic bags nationwide
with considerable environmental benefit. Simultaneously,
investment in biodegradable packaging alternatives should be
incentivised, encouraging manufacturers to transition away from
conventional plastics. On an individual level, consumers can
contribute meaningfully by adopting reusable alternatives, such
as cloth bags and metal water bottles, while supporting
businesses committed to sustainable packaging practices. Improved
recycling infrastructure, particularly in developing nations
lacking adequate waste management systems, would further reduce
the quantity of plastic ultimately entering natural environments.
In conclusion, tackling the plastic waste crisis demands a
combination of stringent government regulation, technological
innovation, and individual behavioural change to safeguard
ecosystems and public health for future generations.
(283 words)
—————————————————————
ESSAY 20 — Opinion (Agree/Disagree) | Competition vs Cooperation in Education
—————————————————————
QUESTION:
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Some people believe that children should be taught to compete,
while others believe that children should be taught to
cooperate. To what extent do you agree or disagree that
competition is a more valuable lesson for children?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples
from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
MODEL ANSWER:
Whether children are better served by lessons in competition or
cooperation remains a subject of ongoing pedagogical debate. I
partially disagree that competition holds greater value,
believing instead that cooperation offers more enduring benefits
for both individual development and broader societal harmony.
Advocates of competitive education argue that healthy rivalry
motivates children to strive for excellence, preparing them for
the inherently competitive nature of adult professional life.
Structured competition, such as academic contests or sports,
can indeed teach valuable lessons in resilience, goal-setting,
and handling both success and failure gracefully, qualities that
undoubtedly prove useful throughout life.
Nevertheless, I believe cooperation offers more substantial,
long-term advantages. Modern workplaces increasingly prioritise
collaborative problem-solving over individual achievement, as
complex challenges typically require diverse teams working
together effectively rather than individuals competing in
isolation. Children who are taught primarily to compete may
develop an excessively individualistic mindset, potentially
undermining their ability to work constructively within teams
later in life. Furthermore, excessive emphasis on competition can
foster anxiety and diminished self-esteem among children who
consistently underperform relative to their peers, whereas
cooperative learning environments tend to nurture empathy,
communication skills, and collective problem-solving abilities
that benefit both individuals and society more broadly.
In conclusion, while limited competition can offer valuable
motivational benefits, I believe cooperation should form the
foundation of children’s education, given its capacity to
cultivate essential interpersonal skills and a more inclusive,
collaborative mindset better suited to the demands of the modern
world.
(272 words)